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Home/Applications/Laboratory automation/Automated Pipetting
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Air-Displacement Pipetting Pumps for Automated Pipetting

Application guide

This page explains the air-displacement pipetting pump's position, supporting components and configuration requirements for disposable-tip automated pipetting, with links to operating and validation tasks.

Applicable architecture

This page compares fixed-probe liquid-displacement and disposable-tip air-displacement configurations. Probe or consumable shape alone does not establish the drive architecture. Confirm the actual displacement method and wetted components from the equipment design.[2]

Application guides

Automated pipetting application guide

Automated pipetting fluidics overview
Piston pumps in automated pipetting
Syringe pumps in automated pipetting
Air-Displacement Pipetting Pumps for Automated Pipetting
Single transfers with disposable tipsMultiple dispenses from one aspiration
Sampling Probes for Automated Pipetting
Washing or tip change
Bubble and Pressure Monitoring for Automated Pipetting
Tubing and fittings in automated pipetting

ON THIS PAGE

What do these products do in this instrument?Coordinate air-displacement drive with tips and motionDevelop pipetting sequences for actual liquids and receiving actionsTranslate actual branch conditions into configuration requirementsCompare product configurations by the roles on this pageExplore specific operating and validation tasksConfirm product roles in actual operationDoes completed pump movement confirm that the target well received the specified volume?ReferencesRelated guides

01What do these products do in this instrument?

Air-displacement pipetting pumps: disposable-tip operation

Drive liquid within the tip through air-column displacement, coordinated with tip sealing, immersion position and motion. Multiple dispenses from one aspiration also require air-gap and retained-volume accounting.

SMTP serves disposable-tip air-displacement architectures, with the pump displacing an air column. Tip sealing, liquid type, immersion position and platform motion jointly determine received volume.

02Coordinate air-displacement drive with tips and motion

Air-displacement pipetting pumps move liquid in tips through air-column displacement. Sealing after pickup, tip specification, immersion and platform motion all contribute to aspiration and dispensing. Describe tip-based operations separately from fixed wetted tubing, identifying source well, receiving well and consumable state for each step.

03Develop pipetting sequences for actual liquids and receiving actions

Match aspiration speed, waits, air gaps and dispensing mode to the specific liquid and container. Low remaining volume, foam, droplets and post-tip-change state may affect reception. Schedule tip changes according to contamination-control requirements; when discarding liquid or recovering nucleic-acid eluate, verify destination together with sample identity.

04Translate actual branch conditions into configuration requirements

Air-Displacement Pipetting Pump Configuration for Automated Pipetting
ConditionTo confirm
Tips and sealingProvide tip specifications, pickup/ejection method and sealing checks after pickup.
Liquid and positionRecord liquid type, minimum remaining volume, immersion depth and receiving position.
Results by wellCheck received volume, empty wells or residual liquid, and tip-change and well records.
Operations supported in this instrument
OperationSpecific operating conditions
Single transfers with disposable tipsDisposable-tip specification and pickup seal, actual liquid class, source volume remaining, immersion depth, working volume and receiving position
Multiple dispenses from one aspirationDose per operation, total cycle volume, replenishment/bottle-change interval, backpressure and receiving geometry

05Compare product configurations by the roles on this page

Configuration options for the product roles on this page
ProductConfiguration optionConditions to verify
SMTP air-displacement pipetting pumpAir displacement with disposable tipsValidate tip sealing, liquid type and motion together
  • SMTP air-displacement pipetting pump

06Explore specific operating and validation tasks

Single transfers with disposable tips

Viscosity, volatility and surface tension can alter air-displacement performance. Calibrate with the actual tips and containers, then assess low source volumes and high-speed operation.

  • Single transfers with disposable tips

Multiple dispenses from one aspiration

Nominal capacity minus retained volume determines the usable dispensing range. Record every dose, comparing first, middle and last doses and the first dose after replenishment, rather than measuring the average alone.

  • Multiple dispenses from one aspiration

07Confirm product roles in actual operation

Operating-point validation and fault localization
OperationMeasurements and observationsPriority checks
Single transfers with disposable tipsMeasure actual receipt at the target vessel, including low source levels, tip pickup and ejection, and contamination across sample sequences. Verify sample or well identity and downstream method results.Tip leaks, aspiration of air, hanging droplets, incorrect immersion or missed tip changes can affect delivery and contamination.
Multiple dispenses from one aspirationUse actual media to check first, middle and last doses and delivery after bottle changes; confirm received volume and timing rather than substituting commanded steps for volumeEmpty sources, bubbles, nozzle droplets and backpressure changes affect first or last doses

Measure delivery with actual liquids, tips and well positions, including idle periods, refills and multiple dispensing.

08Does completed pump movement confirm that the target well received the specified volume?

Also check tip sealing, air aspiration, well position and dispensing state, and measure actual reception. The drive-complete signal can assess the operation only together with these records.

Nominal capacity and volume per step do not establish the minimum reliable pipetting volume. Disposable tips and reusable probes require different cleaning strategies.

References

View references (2)
  1. [1]FOREACH SMTP air-displacement pipetting pump: configurations and specifications
  2. [2]Hamilton air-displacement pipetting channels, tips, monitoring and motion technologies

Related guides

  • Back to the automated pipetting fluidics overview
  • Single transfers with disposable tips
  • Multiple dispenses from one aspiration

Related Products

SMTP air-displacement pipetting pump; representative configuration. Select capacity, materials and interfaces for the application.

SMTP air-displacement pipetting pump

Related Technical Articles

What is a programmable automatic air-displacement pipetting pump?

A programmable automatic air-displacement pipetting pump is a liquid-handling component whose aspiration, dispense, speeds and sequence are set through control commands. This article focuses on air-displacement modules that use disposable tips in OEM instruments, with FOREACH SMTP2 as an example of operation, monitoring and selection limits.

2026-09-28View Details

What Is Pipetting? Manual and Automated Workflows Compared

Pipetting is the transfer of a specified volume of liquid from one location to another. Examples include moving 100 µL from a sample tube into a reaction vessel, or adding sample and diluent in a defined ratio.

2026-09-29View Details

Discuss fluidic configurations for automated pipetting

Provide a fluid diagram, the actual liquids and pressures in each state. Tip sealing, liquid type and motion require joint validation. Compare suitable configurations against the validation objectives described here.

Contact an engineer