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Home/Applications/In Vitro Diagnostics/Immunoassay analyzer
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Tubing and fittings in immunoassay analyzers

Application guide

Immunoassay tubing connects reagent metering, wash heads and waste collection, but those branches need different acceptance checks. Select the wetted path around each formulation and the solid-phase washing sequence so a successful leak test is not mistaken for acceptable assay background.

Applicable architecture

This page focuses on immunoassays with solid-phase separation washing, using magnetic particles as the bead-washing example. Confirm whether the specific assay requires separation washing and what solid phase it uses. Other architectures require branches defined by the actual instrument workflow. Candidate pumps and valves do not represent complete-instrument analytical performance.[3]

Application guide

Immunoassay analyzer

Immunoassay analyzer
Diaphragm pumps in immunoassay analyzers
Fluid supply and waste removal for magnetic solid-phase washing
Bubble and pressure sensing in immunoassay analyzers
Tubing and fittings in immunoassay analyzers
Fluidic valves in immunoassay analyzers
Isolation of reagent and wash-fluid paths
Piston pumps in immunoassay analyzers
Sample addition with a fixed probe
Sampling and wash probes in immunoassay analyzers
Syringe pumps in immunoassay analyzers
Multiple-reagent aspiration and dispensing

On this page

What do these products do in this instrument?Decide which reagent paths may be sharedEvaluate wash-head connections at the reaction vesselTranslate actual branch conditions into configuration requirementsCompare product configurations by the roles on this pageRelated operations and architecture comparisonsConfirm product roles in actual operationCan all immunoassay reagents share one connection material and wash routine?ReferencesRelated guides

01What do these products do in this instrument?

Tubing and fittings: connect reagent, washing and waste branches

Build the actual reagent, wash-supply and aspiration paths with connections suited to their liquids and pressure states. Shared reagent segments require a formulation-specific residue decision; wash-head and waste connections must also sustain the intended fill and removal sequence.

Tubing and fittings together form sealed connections and the actual transfer path. Check formulation, inner/outer diameters, length, tube-end positioning and port geometry, including added volume in residue and arrival delay.

02Decide which reagent paths may be shared

List the formulations that contact each tube, fitting and seal, including cleaning liquids. Where suspensions or substrates are used, include their handling and storage-to-use conditions in the path review. A common line reduces separate plumbing but adds held liquid and a changeover requirement; use dedicated paths when the assay cannot tolerate the proposed sharing and cleaning sequence.

Further technical reading

  • Microfluidic Hard-Tube Fitting Selection Guide: Flanged, Ferrule and Snap-Ring Connections
  • Why Does Actual Flow Change So Much When the Tubing Size Changes on the Same Miniature Diaphragm Pump?
  • What is flow resistance calculation for? Using the Foreach calculator in fluid-path design and selection

03Evaluate wash-head connections at the reaction vessel

Changes in line length or a fitting near the wash head can alter installed supply and aspiration behavior. Compare wash delivery, remaining liquid and solid-phase retention at the vessel after maintenance. If assay background changes despite a sealed path, examine reagent residue, wash coverage, aspiration position and capture together rather than treating tubing flow as a complete wash result.

04Translate actual branch conditions into configuration requirements

Tubing and fitting configuration conditions in immunoassay analyzers
ConditionTo confirm
Reagent contactIdentify suspension, binding-reagent or substrate paths actually present, their contact duration and cleaning exposure, and any permitted shared segment.
Wash and waste assemblySpecify wash-head connections, aspiration routing, expected gas/liquid phases and the waste receiver, including branches that run together.
Post-service evidencePlan first reagent doses and a complete wash cycle after replacement, with residual-liquid, solid-phase and assay-background observations.
Operations supported in this instrument
OperationSpecific operating conditions
Sample addition with a fixed probeFixed-probe sample-contact or system-liquid layout, internal/external wash interfaces and the connections changed during service
Multiple-reagent aspiration and dispensingFormulation-specific wetted path, dedicated or shared supply, retained line volume and replenishment or bottle-change conditions
Fluid supply and waste removal for magnetic solid-phase washingWash-head supply and aspiration routing, vessel geometry, actual solid phase, waste destination and simultaneous wash demand

05Compare product configurations by the roles on this page

Configuration options for the product roles on this page
ProductConfiguration optionConditions to verify
Tubing materials and dimensionsConnection paths and shared volumeBore, length, load and actual formulation jointly determine materials and dimensions
Rigid-tubing fittingsTube-end positioning and sealed connectionsCheck tube outer diameter, threads, seal structure and port-bottom geometry
  • Tubing materials and dimensions

    Tubing materials and dimensions

    View Details
  • Rigid-tubing fittings

    Rigid-tubing fittings

    View Details

06Related operations and architecture comparisons

Sample addition with a fixed probe

Sample-volume error affects reaction ratios, while external probe droplets may contaminate the next container. Combine aspiration, delivery and probe washing into a complete sequence and compare recovery after concentrated samples.

  • Sample addition with a fixed probe

Multiple-reagent aspiration and dispensing

Bead suspensions, binding reagents and substrates may have different settling, light and storage requirements. Plan standby, mixing and first-dose recovery by actual formulation, including residual liquid in shared tubing.

  • Multiple-reagent aspiration and dispensing

Fluid supply and waste removal for magnetic solid-phase washing

Record added volume, residual liquid and bead loss in every wash. If background is abnormal, distinguish inadequate capture, coverage, aspiration positioning and waste pooling before changing pump output.

  • Fluid supply and waste removal for magnetic solid-phase washing

07Confirm product roles in actual operation

Operating-point validation and fault localization
OperationMeasurements and observationsPriority checks
Sample addition with a fixed probeMeasure receipt through the assembled probe path and assess the next container after the sample-change wash sequence.A new fitting or line may add retained liquid or admit air during aspiration even if dispensing appears normal.
Multiple-reagent aspiration and dispensingCheck the first reagent received after standby, bottle change and line replacement, then assess the assay blank for the actual sharing sequence.Retained reagent, wash liquid or a suspension-handling change can affect composition independently of total volume.
Fluid supply and waste removal for magnetic solid-phase washingCompare wash delivery and residual liquid at the reaction vessel, including solid-phase retention and background after the complete wash.A supply or aspiration connection can change the station load; also inspect capture and aspiration position before attributing bead loss to the tubing.

Approve the reagent path with dose and composition-sensitive results, and the wash path with vessel-level washing results. Keep the assembly details that produced those results for subsequent replacement.

08Can all immunoassay reagents share one connection material and wash routine?

Only after reviewing the actual formulations, contact conditions and assay response. A material name or a successful water flush cannot establish suspension handling, substrate compatibility or removal of the previous reagent from a shared path.

Pump flow alone does not prove adequate washing; validate magnetic capture, mixing and aspiration position across the whole station.

References

View references (3)
  1. [1]FOREACH tubing materials and dimensions: configurations and specifications
  2. [2]FOREACH rigid-tubing fittings: configurations and specifications
  3. [3]Beckman Coulter Access: an assay example of magnetic solid-phase separation, washing and substrate detection

Related guides

  • Back to the immunoassay analyzer fluidics overview

Related Products

Tubing

Tubing

Hard-tube fittings

Hard-tube fittings

Related Technical Articles

Microfluidic Hard-Tube Fitting Selection Guide: Flanged, Ferrule and Snap-Ring Connections

Selection essentials: Check port geometry, tubing OD and fluid first, then pressure, maintenance frequency and tube-end preparation. Flanged fittings press a tube-end flange against a flat sealing face; ferrules grip the tube as the fitting tightens; snap-ring designs use a sleeve and sealing ring. Matching threads and tube diameters alone do not establish compatibility.

2026-10-12View Details

Why Does Actual Flow Change So Much When the Tubing Size Changes on the Same Miniature Diaphragm Pump?

Even when the pump is unchanged, installed flow can change because of tubing inner diameter, length, bends, and the minimum bore of fittings. When flow falls after a tubing change, the effective response is neither to blame the pump first nor to enlarge every tube indiscriminately. Measure inlet pressure, outlet pressure, and accumulated flow together to determine where the added restriction actually occurs.

2026-08-24View Details

What is flow resistance calculation for? Using the Foreach calculator in fluid-path design and selection

The free flow rate of the pump meets the requirements. After installing the pipelines, valves and joints, the liquid supply at the end is insufficient. Flow resistance calculations can break the problem down into comparable data: what pressure differential is required at the target flow rate, where does the pressure loss mainly occur, and what happens if the pipe diameter, pipe length, component Cv or medium viscosity is changed. This article combines the actual function of the Foreach flow resistance calculator with a recalculable fluid circuit case to explain how to use the calculation results for design, selection, troubleshooting and prototype verification.

2026-09-11View Details

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