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Detector Diversion and Bypass: Delay Volume and Switching Disturbance

Application guide

A diversion valve directs liquid to the detector, bypass or waste. Switching must account for delay volume on both sides of the valve; transient pressure can also affect the detection window.

Application guides

Analytical instruments

Analytical instruments Overview
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Spectroscopy and elemental analysis
Water analysis units
Analytical Sample Preparation
Analytical system integration
Piston Pumps in Analytical Instruments
Automated dilution with piston pumpsPiston Pump Titration
Syringe pump
Syringe-pump samplingMultiple dispensing with syringe pumpsSyringe-pump standard preparation and over-range sample dilutionSequential injection and flow analysis
Air-displacement pipetting pump
Disposable-Tip Sample TransferTip-based dilution and dispensingTip-based sample preparation
Valveless metering pumps
Repeated Dispensing with Valveless PumpsValveless-pump titrationCarrier-liquid and flow-cell supplyTwo-stream proportioning
Diaphragm pump
Wash-liquid supply and primingWorking-liquid replenishmentAuxiliary liquid circulationGas-liquid waste aspiration
Valves for Analytical Fluidics
MRV3 multi-source selectionHigh-pressure sample-loop injectionDetector Flow Diversion and BypassSolenoid-valve shutoff
Sampling, Washing and Mixing Components
Sampling needlesProbe-wash stationReaction-cup and microplate washingReaction mixing
Fluidic monitoring
Bubble and Liquid-State DetectionPressure and Blockage Monitoring
Tubing, fittings, filters and check valves
Tubing materials and dimensionsLow-retention connectionsFiltration and backflow protection

ON THIS PAGE

Locate the source, drive and receiving position for this taskDefine switching windows from delay volumeCompare product options against task requirementsAssociate detection state with liquid-segment destinationCheck pressure transients and baseline recoveryAfter an abnormality or maintenance, first identify which segment needs recoveryContinue with tasks on the same branchReferencesRelated guides

01Locate the source, drive and receiving position for this task

Liquid segment to be detected→Diversion or bypass valve→Detector and waste branches→Pressure boundaries for each branch
Functional or operational sequence; confirm connections and branches for each state on the instrument

Define all ports, valve states, pressures in each state, shared volume and displacement volume. Follow the diagram to confirm liquid contact, pressure and destination before assigning drive and connection roles.

02Define switching windows from delay volume

Estimate arrival from the target liquid segment, flow and path volume, then establish switching windows using actual signals. Destination resistances differ; confirm actual pressure and permitted disturbance for each.

Compare configuration conditions by actual task
Condition to compareInformation requiredSelection affected
Switching timeTarget liquid segment and arrival delayDefine valve actions and measurement windows
Loads on both pathsDifferent resistances in detector and waste pathsCheck switching pressure transients
Shared volumeHold-up volume around the valve and tubing lengthCheck delay and baseline recovery

03Compare product options against task requirements

The following candidate options match this page's responsibilities. Compare them against the operating conditions described, then check capacity, materials and interfaces on the product pages. Card images show representative configurations; suitability must still be confirmed at actual operating points and by application results.

Move from task conditions to product configuration
Product categoryCorresponding roleConfirm before selection
SV10 solenoid valveOn/off control or branch selectionCheck normal state, differential pressure, flow direction and duty cycle; high-pressure tasks require a separately suitable configuration
HP high-pressure injection valvePressurized injection-path switchingCheck port pressures and sample loops in loading, injection and other states
  • SV10 solenoid valve
  • HP high-pressure injection valve

04Associate detection state with liquid-segment destination

Associate detection state with valve position and identify the target segment before switching. Define the default destination during maintenance or faults to prevent unsuitable liquid entering the detector.

Action records should link commands, valve or interface states and actual received results. When raw material, container or sample identity changes, reconfirm shared paths and conditions permitting the next step. Completion of drive movement alone does not replace task acceptance.

05Check pressure transients and baseline recovery

Measure actual arrival, switching loss, pressure transients and baseline recovery. Timing estimates support design; acceptance depends on retaining the correct detection segment and routing waste correctly.

Link operating-point tests to interpretable results
Validation scenarioMeasurement or observationInterpretation and action
Segment arrival timeAssociate valve commands with actual liquid segmentsIf the window shifts, check flow and path volume
Switching disturbanceCompare pressure and detection baselineConfirm recovery before accepting valid detection signals

Record test medium, configuration, installed path and operating sequence; present routine operating points and boundary results separately. Calculations support design discussions, component documentation checks models, and installed measurements confirm the actual task.

06After an abnormality or maintenance, first identify which segment needs recovery

Mispositioning, shared-path residue or abnormal switching pressure can affect the next task. Stop pumping and check ports, then flush again after restoring the correct state.

Retain current source, container identity, completed actions, valve or interface state and actual receiving information. Use the table to locate the stage that changed before deciding to retry, continue or restart. After recovery, recheck the relevant operating point before returning an uncertain action to the automatic cycle.

  • Bring the fluidic diagram and operating-point records to discuss configuration

07Continue with tasks on the same branch

  • Analytical fluidic valves: source selection, injection, diversion and isolation
  • MRV3 Multiple-Source Selection: Port Maps, Displacement and Challenging Liquid Combinations
  • High-Pressure Sample-Loop Injection: Loading and Injection States
  • Solenoid Shutoff: Normal State, Energization Cycle and Fault Routing

References

View references (2)
  1. [1]VICI: Sample Injection with a Cheminert 6-Port Valve
  2. [2]FOREACH: Fluidic Valve Product Range

Related guides

  • MRV3 Multiple-Source Selection: Port Maps, Displacement and Challenging Liquid Combinations
  • Sequential Injection and Flow Analysis: Liquid Segments and Detection Timing
  • Bubble and Liquid-State Detection: Position, Speed and Debounce Time

Related Products

SV10 solenoid valve; representative configuration. Select capacity, materials and interfaces for the application.

SV10 solenoid valve

HP high-pressure injection valve; representative configuration. Select capacity, materials and interfaces for the application.

HP high-pressure injection valve

Related Technical Articles

What Is a Solenoid Valve? Operating Principles and 2-Way/3-Way Fluid Control

Follow the fluid path after energization to understand how 2-way and 3-way solenoid valves handle reagent dispensing and washing, and how they work with pumps and control programs.

2026-09-29View Details

How Does a 6-Port HPLC Injection Valve Work? Load, Inject and Vent

Follow sample loading into an external loop and transfer to the column by the mobile phase, distinguishing the HP valve's main positions and vent path from the factors that determine injection volume.

2026-09-29View Details

Discuss Your Detector Diversion and Bypass Path

Provide a fluid-path diagram, actual liquids and pressures in each state. Specify target segments and arrival delay, detector and waste-path resistance, hold-up volume around the valve and tubing length. Compare configurations against the guide's validation objectives.

Contact an engineer