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Cuvette and Microplate Washing: Residue, Solid Phase and Head Position

Application guide

Reaction-vessel and microplate washing must cover wetted surfaces and remove residual liquid. When retaining beads, cells or other solids, it must also avoid target loss. Supply pump, wash head and aspiration height form a combined operating configuration.

Application guides

Analytical instruments

Analytical instruments Overview
Liquid chromatography systems: locate the fluidic task before selecting pumps and valves
Spectroscopy and elemental analysis
Water analysis units
Analytical Sample Preparation
Analytical system integration
Piston Pumps in Analytical Instruments
Automated dilution with piston pumpsPiston Pump Titration
Syringe pump
Syringe-pump samplingMultiple dispensing with syringe pumpsSyringe-pump standard preparation and over-range sample dilutionSequential injection and flow analysis
Air-displacement pipetting pump
Disposable-Tip Sample TransferTip-based dilution and dispensingTip-based sample preparation
Valveless metering pumps
Repeated Dispensing with Valveless PumpsValveless-pump titrationCarrier-liquid and flow-cell supplyTwo-stream proportioning
Diaphragm pump
Wash-liquid supply and primingWorking-liquid replenishmentAuxiliary liquid circulationGas-liquid waste aspiration
Valves for Analytical Fluidics
MRV3 multi-source selectionHigh-pressure sample-loop injectionDetector Flow Diversion and BypassSolenoid-valve shutoff
Sampling, Washing and Mixing Components
Sampling needlesProbe-wash stationReaction-cup and microplate washingReaction mixing
Fluidic monitoring
Bubble and Liquid-State DetectionPressure and Blockage Monitoring
Tubing, fittings, filters and check valves
Tubing materials and dimensionsLow-retention connectionsFiltration and backflow protection

ON THIS PAGE

Locate the source, drive and receiving position for this taskSet height for wash cycles and solid-phase retentionCompare product options against task requirementsCoordinate supply, separation and aspirationEvaluate residue, losses and background by wellAfter an abnormality or maintenance, first identify which segment needs recoveryContinue with tasks on the same branchReferencesRelated guides

01Locate the source, drive and receiving position for this task

Wash supply→Wash head and vessel→Aspiration height and solid-phase location→Waste channel
Functional or operational sequence; confirm connections and branches for each state on the instrument

Required inputs are solid-phase location and retention target, wash cycles, aspiration height, residual liquid, destination and downstream method requirements. Confirm liquid contact, pressure and destination along each illustrated section before defining drive and connection responsibilities.

02Set height for wash cycles and solid-phase retention

Define the configuration for vessel geometry, wash cycles, peak inflow and the solid phase to retain. Confirm wash-head channel count and simultaneous-operation capability separately, and measure each well branch's resistance.

Compare configuration conditions by actual task
Condition to compareInformation requiredSelection affected
What must be retainedWhether magnetic beads, a solid phase or coating must be retainedDefine permissible aspiration positions
Vessel interfaceCup bottom, well position, residual liquid and coverageCoordinate washing and aspiration geometry
Concurrent inflowPer-well supply, foam and peak waste loadCheck total waste-removal capacity

03Compare product options against task requirements

The following candidate options match this page's responsibilities. Compare them against the operating conditions described, then check capacity, materials and interfaces on the product pages. Card images show representative configurations; suitability must still be confirmed at actual operating points and by application results.

Move from task conditions to product configuration
Product categoryCorresponding roleConfirm before selection
Custom wash probeWashing interface for probe interiors/exteriors or containersConfirm contaminated surfaces, coverage, aspiration height and peak waste removal
DPL60 liquid diaphragm pumpLiquid supply or auxiliary circulationJudge by peak demand and installed operating point, not free flow alone
DPGL800 gas–liquid diaphragm pumpSuitable gas–liquid aspiration or container-vacuum branchesConfirm inlet medium and waste architecture; not for continuous liquid-only transfer (100% liquid)
  • Custom wash probe
  • DPL60 liquid diaphragm pump
  • DPGL800 gas–liquid diaphragm pump

04Coordinate supply, separation and aspiration

Supply liquid, allow contact or mixing, separate and aspirate in sequence, with waste removal available throughout. Check wash-head misalignment, blocked ports and bottom clearance. Do not apply one aspiration height universally.

Action records should link commands, valve or interface states and actual received results. When raw material, container or sample identity changes, reconfirm shared paths and conditions permitting the next step. Completion of drive movement alone does not replace task acceptance.

05Evaluate residue, losses and background by well

Measure residual liquid, well-to-well variation, solid-phase loss and method background across the whole plate or all cup positions. Accurate total supply can conceal inadequate local washing.

Link operating-point tests to interpretable results
Validation scenarioMeasurement or observationInterpretation and action
Residual liquid and solid phaseMeasure wash residue and solid-phase loss togetherDo not optimize solely for the driest possible vessel
Background and position-dependent variationCompare washing results across vessels or wellsLocate unevenness in wash-head height, coverage and waste removal

Record test medium, configuration, installed path and operating sequence; present routine operating points and boundary results separately. Calculations support design discussions, component documentation checks models, and installed measurements confirm the actual task.

06After an abnormality or maintenance, first identify which segment needs recovery

Insufficient capture, incorrect aspiration height, uneven coverage or liquid accumulation can impair washing and recovery. Check actual results from the affected step before resuming the next action.

Retain current source, container identity, completed actions, valve or interface state and actual receiving information. Use the table to locate the stage that changed before deciding to retry, continue or restart. After recovery, recheck the relevant operating point before returning an uncertain action to the automatic cycle.

  • Bring the fluidic diagram and operating-point records to discuss configuration

07Continue with tasks on the same branch

  • Sampling, washing and mixing components: define interfaces from vessel geometry
  • Sampling Probes: Liquid Level, Bottom Clearance and Tip Delivery
  • Probe Wash Stations: Identifying Contaminated Surfaces and Validating Blank Recovery
  • Reaction mixing: geometry, speed and reaction uniformity

References

View references (2)
  1. [1]KNF: Pumps for Clinical Diagnostics and Analytics
  2. [2]FOREACH: Sampling and Wash Probe Product Range

Related guides

  • Probe Wash Stations: Identifying Contaminated Surfaces and Validating Blank Recovery
  • Gas-liquid waste aspiration: direct pumping or headspace vacuum
  • Tip-based preparation: supernatant removal, washing and eluate recovery

Related Products

Custom wash probe; representative configuration. Select capacity, materials and interfaces for the application.

Custom wash probe

DPL60 liquid diaphragm pump; representative configuration. Select capacity, materials and interfaces for the application.

DPL60 liquid diaphragm pump

DPGL800 gas–liquid diaphragm pump; representative configuration. Select capacity, materials and interfaces for the application.

DPGL800 gas–liquid diaphragm pump

Related Technical Articles

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Cleaning pump, wash pump and rinse pump usually name different duties within an IVD cleaning sequence, not three fixed pump mechanisms. Selection starts with wash volume, cycle rate, line resistance, wetted materials, and whether the duty is liquid supply or waste aspiration.

2026-09-03View Details

IVD Waste Aspiration: Liquid Pump or Vacuum Pump? Direct vs Indirect Aspiration

Probe washing, reaction-cup cleaning, and routine waste removal in IVD instruments are all described as “waste aspiration.” Yet whether waste passes directly through a liquid pump or first enters a collection bottle while a vacuum pump creates negative pressure leads to entirely different selection logic.

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Discuss your reaction-cup and microplate washing fluidics

Provide a fluid diagram, the actual liquids and pressures in each state. Specify whether magnetic beads, a solid phase or coating must be retained; cup bottoms, well positions, residual liquid and coverage; and per-well supply, foam and peak waste load. Compare suitable configurations against the validation objectives described here.

Contact an engineer