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Air-displacement pipetting pumps: tips, liquid types and motion

Application guide

SMTP-type air-displacement configurations drive liquid in disposable tips through an air segment. Tip sealing, liquid properties, immersion and motion jointly determine delivery; pump capacity alone does not establish performance in use.

Application guides

Analytical instruments

Analytical instruments Overview
Liquid chromatography systems: locate the fluidic task before selecting pumps and valves
Spectroscopy and elemental analysis
Water analysis units
Analytical Sample Preparation
Analytical system integration
Piston Pumps in Analytical Instruments
Automated dilution with piston pumpsPiston Pump Titration
Syringe pump
Syringe-pump samplingMultiple dispensing with syringe pumpsSyringe-pump standard preparation and over-range sample dilutionSequential injection and flow analysis
Air-displacement pipetting pump
Disposable-Tip Sample TransferTip-based dilution and dispensingTip-based sample preparation
Valveless metering pumps
Repeated Dispensing with Valveless PumpsValveless-pump titrationCarrier-liquid and flow-cell supplyTwo-stream proportioning
Diaphragm pump
Wash-liquid supply and primingWorking-liquid replenishmentAuxiliary liquid circulationGas-liquid waste aspiration
Valves for Analytical Fluidics
MRV3 multi-source selectionHigh-pressure sample-loop injectionDetector Flow Diversion and BypassSolenoid-valve shutoff
Sampling, Washing and Mixing Components
Sampling needlesProbe-wash stationReaction-cup and microplate washingReaction mixing
Fluidic monitoring
Bubble and Liquid-State DetectionPressure and Blockage Monitoring
Tubing, fittings, filters and check valves
Tubing materials and dimensionsLow-retention connectionsFiltration and backflow protection

ON THIS PAGE

Locate the source, drive and receiving position for this taskSet operating points for the tip and liquid classCompare product options against task requirementsOrganize actions from tip pickup sealing through disposalValidate actual delivery at the destinationAfter an abnormality or maintenance, first identify which segment needs recoveryContinue with tasks on the same branchReferencesRelated guides

01Locate the source, drive and receiving position for this task

Pipetting drive and air column→Tip connection→Source vessel→Target vessel
Functional or operational sequence; confirm connections and branches for each state on the instrument

The pump drives an air column. Liquid is aspirated into a disposable tip and transferred to the target vessel; it generally does not pass through the drive pump. The illustration shows operational relationships.

Define disposable-tip or fixed-probe architecture, sealing, working volume, liquid class, immersion position and dispensing action. Follow the diagram to confirm liquid contact, pressure and destination before assigning drive and connection roles.

02Set operating points for the tip and liquid class

Select actual tips, routine doses and containers before establishing liquid-class programs. Liquids with different viscosity, volatility and surface tension need appropriate parameters. When comparing SMTP2 and SMTP4, confirm capacity and interfaces for the specific configuration.

Compare configuration conditions by actual task
Condition to compareInformation requiredSelection affected
Tip interfaceActual tip model, sealing and mounting positionValidate the connection before assessing volume
Liquid classVolatility, viscosity, wetting and temperatureSet aspiration, dispensing and waits separately
Task scopeDose, container and usable tip capacitySelect the drive and liquid-handling program

03Compare product options against task requirements

The following candidate options match this page's responsibilities. Compare them against the operating conditions described, then check capacity, materials and interfaces on the product pages. Card images show representative configurations; suitability must still be confirmed at actual operating points and by application results.

Move from task conditions to product configuration
Product categoryCorresponding roleConfirm before selection
SMTP air-displacement pipetting pumpAir displacement with disposable tipsValidate tip sealing, liquid type and motion together
  • SMTP air-displacement pipetting pump

04Organize actions from tip pickup sealing through disposal

Pick up the tip and confirm sealing, locate the liquid surface, then aspirate, transfer and dispense before ejecting according to procedure. Choose air gaps, dwell, touch-off and blowout according to the actual liquid and receiving task.

Action records should link commands, valve or interface states and actual received results. When raw material, container or sample identity changes, reconfirm shared paths and conditions permitting the next step. Completion of drive movement alone does not replace task acceptance.

05Validate actual delivery at the destination

Measure delivered volume at the target well or vessel, including tip pickup, low source volume, first and last doses and actual media. A fitted tip does not establish an adequate seal. Validate contamination controls across sample sequences.

Link operating-point tests to interpretable results
Validation scenarioMeasurement or observationInterpretation and action
Delivery operating conditionsMeasure using actual tips and containersRevalidate after changing tips or liquids
Sequential operationsInclude tip pickup, transfer and disposal cyclesDistinguish errors from sealing, retained droplets and motion

Record test medium, configuration, installed path and operating sequence; present routine operating points and boundary results separately. Calculations support design discussions, component documentation checks models, and installed measurements confirm the actual task.

06After an abnormality or maintenance, first identify which segment needs recovery

Seal leaks, aspiration of air, hanging droplets or incorrect immersion can alter delivery. Check actual results from the affected step before resuming the next action.

Retain current source, container identity, completed actions, valve or interface state and actual receiving information. Use the table to locate the stage that changed before deciding to retry, continue or restart. After recovery, recheck the relevant operating point before returning an uncertain action to the automatic cycle.

  • Bring the fluidic diagram and operating-point records to discuss configuration

07Continue with tasks on the same branch

  • Disposable-Tip Sample Transfer: Sealing and Receiving Actions
  • Tip-Based Dilution and Dispensing: Linking Ratios to Actual Delivery
  • Tip-based preparation: supernatant removal, washing and eluate recovery

References

View references (2)
  1. [1]Hamilton: ZEUS Self-Contained Pipette Channel
  2. [2]FOREACH: SMTP2 / SMTP4 Pipetting Pump Datasheet

Related guides

  • Disposable-Tip Sample Transfer: Sealing and Receiving Actions
  • Tip-Based Dilution and Dispensing: Linking Ratios to Actual Delivery
  • Tip-based preparation: supernatant removal, washing and eluate recovery

Related Products

SMTP air-displacement pipetting pump; representative configuration. Select capacity, materials and interfaces for the application.

SMTP air-displacement pipetting pump

Related Technical Articles

What is a programmable automatic air-displacement pipetting pump?

A programmable automatic air-displacement pipetting pump is a liquid-handling component whose aspiration, dispense, speeds and sequence are set through control commands. This article focuses on air-displacement modules that use disposable tips in OEM instruments, with FOREACH SMTP2 as an example of operation, monitoring and selection limits.

2026-09-28View Details

What Is Pipetting? Manual and Automated Workflows Compared

Pipetting is the transfer of a specified volume of liquid from one location to another. Examples include moving 100 µL from a sample tube into a reaction vessel, or adding sample and diluent in a defined ratio.

2026-09-29View Details

Discuss Your Air-Displacement Pipetting Fluidics

Provide a fluid-path diagram, actual liquids and pressures in each state. Specify tip model, seal and mounting position, volatility, viscosity, wetting, temperature, dose, vessel and usable tip capacity. Compare configurations against the guide's validation objectives.

Contact an engineer